System Engineering Management Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 26 Words: 7671 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? System Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) 1 Statement of work In 20th century, system engineering has been developed for human beings in order satisfy their needs in transportation services by implementing multipurpose vehicle. The aim of inventing amphibious automobile is to travel on the road as well as operate in water as water vehicle. The objective of our team is to produce an energy efficient, environmentally friendly consumer vehicle which can compete Richard Bransons record set in the Gibbs Aquada implemented on 2004.To develop the conceptual new generation of amphicar, the team has to research on the first generation model manufactured in 1961-1968. As described on the above, to beat in performance as well as in energy efficiency, team need to be digested in the ideas of Gibbs Aquada. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "System Engineering Management Plan" essay for you Create order To meet the above requirements, amphicar should be assembled with jet engine using Supersonic Amphibious (SSA) Technology to increase the acceleration compare with the last generation. The vehicle will have the maximum capacity of 4 persons, which average body weight of 80KG. The amphicar should have minimum operation hour of 2 hours in the water. The expected project duration for the whole project will be 30 days with reserved one week for any delay. The project can be divided into 4 major chapters, which are Systems Engineering Management Plan, System Requirement Specification, Functional Analysis and Allocation and System Specification. Each chapter will have 2 days for preparation, 3 days for research and 2 days for final report. 2 Work breakdown structure 2.1 Gantt Chart 2.1.1 Schedule Functional Analysis Allocation 2.2 Cost No Name Budget (US$) Expected Cost (US$) 1 Project Plan 20,000 20,000 2 1 Statement of Work 1,000 3 2 Work Breakdown Structure 0 4 2.1 Schedule 0 5 2.2 Cost 0 6 2.3 Product Testing Method 1,500 7 3 Program Management 2,500 8 4 Risk Management 2,500 9 5 Resources Required 2,500 10 6 Deliverables 5,000 11 7 Organization Structure 0 12 8 Operational Concept 5,000 13 System Requirements Specification 20,000 20,000 14 9 Scope 0 15 9.1 System overview 1,000 16 9.2 Document overview 2,000 17 10 Referenced Document 2,000 18 11 Needs 12,000 19 12 Requirements 2,000 20 12.1 General Requirements 1,500 21 12.2/3 Priority Table Method Table 500 22 12.4 System Capability or Mode 1,000 23 Functional Analysis and Allocation 10,000 10,000 24 13 Scope 2,000 25 14 Referenced Documents 1,000 26 15 Functional analysis 2,500 27 16.1 Physical Overview 2,000 28 16.2 Component details 2,500 29 System test specification 10,000 10,000 30 Document overview 2,000 31 Test detail 8,000 32 Final system specification 15,000 15,000 33 Final analysis Documentation 15,000 34 Miscellaneous 5,000 5,000 Total cost for the whole project 80,000 80,000 2.4 Product testing method Testing is a kind of demonstration the abilities of the product in terms of performance characteristics, advantages and limitations that have been adequately determined for a specific purpose. Reliability is an objective measurement of method reproducibility. If the test is not sufficiently reliable, that product is not qualified for using on intended purposes. In order to achieve the relevant outcomes of our amphicars objectives, there is some common stages of testing method will be gone through as listed below; Risk Assessment Methods identify new methods in testing methods and strategies Research investigate mechanisms and other resources that can be applied in design and test activities Development incorporate strategies into standardized test methods Validation make sure the accuracy and reproducibility are 100% granted Acceptance determine acceptability for users Implementation ensure effective ways of method for operators and users 3 Program management Project manager will look after the entire project, call for meeting two times a week for progress checking and review whenever issues arise during the period. Project engineer will work out on design specification to be developed and tested accordingly. Risk officer will report risk resolution status to management team. Technical and sale engineers will control the quality assurances and functionality of entire project. Individual will have second plan for the case of emergency if first plan is failed to implement. Each and everyone will communicate and discuss the progress of the project via phone, online instant messages and email. 4 Risk management 4.1 Purpose This document describes how we perform the job of managing risk for Amphicar II project. It defines roles and responsibilities for participants in risk processes, risk management activities that will be carried out, schedule and budget for risk management activities including any tools and technique that will be used. 4.1.1 Project Manager The project manager will assign a Risk Officer to the project for identifying purposes on the projects organization chart. Project Manager, Risk Officer and all project engineers should have videoconference biweekly to review the status of the risk mitigation efforts, review the exposure assessments for any new risk items. 4.1.2 Risk Officer Coordination of risk identification and analysis activities, maintenance of the projects risk list, notification of project management of new risk items and submission of the report in risk resolution status to management. 4.1.3 Project Engineers/Sale/Technical Engineer Officer will assign each newly identified risk to a Project Engineer, who will assess the exposure and probability for the risk factor and report the results of that analysis back to the Risk Officer. All Project Engineers are also responsible for performing the steps of the mitigation plan and reporting progress to the Risk Officer biweekly. 4.2 Risk Documentation Risk Identification 1. Man Power From individuals or organizations, illness, death, resignation. 2. Project Job taking too long, unable to complete within deadline. 3. Financial Over spent project budget, no enough fund to complete the project. 4. System Failure Sever or PC down or crash. 5. Communication Break Down Failure to pass down information. 6. Technical Individual weakness of technical skill and knowledge 7. Procedural Failure of accountability internal system and control. 8. Health Safety Injuries staff in the course of project. 9. Security Loss of data through unauthorized access. 10. Confidential Improper used of data by the staff 4.3 Analysis of Risk and Risk Rating Matrix 4.3.1 Risk Likelihood Assessment Table Probability Description Almost Certain 1 in 10 Chance Likely To Occur Likely 1 in 100 Chance Will Probably Occur Possible 1 in 1000 Chance May Occur Occasionally Unlikely 1 in 10,000 Chance Do Not Expect To Happen Rare 1 in 100,000 Chance Do Not Believe Will Ever Happen 4.3.2 Risk Rating Matrix Table LIKELYHOOD CONSEQUENCE Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Almost Certain Low Significant High High High Likely Low Significant Significant High High Possible Low Low Significant High High Unlikely Very Low Low Significant Significant Significant Rare Very Low Very Low Low Low Significant 4.3.3 Risk Action Level Table Risk Level ACTION LEVEL Very Low Risk Officer Low Risk Officer Significant Department / Team High Project Manager / Department 4.4 Risk response 1. Man Power For individuals or organization, illness, death, resignation, personal matter. Lack of manpower could have caused the direct impact on the whole project progress, such as delaying on the deliverable of the project within given time. According to our Gantt chart, to lessen the impact or to overcome for above risk, we have targets for each section to complete one day before the dead line and also as we have split up our project, everyone has to be submitted to the project manager advanced in two days before the dead line. So that, in case someone leaves in an unexpected condition, we still have time slot to cope the job within the given time. 2. Project Job taking too long, unable to complete within deadline. There could be many reasons for the delay. It is very important and we could face the liability for the delay period. To overcome this risk, we have reserved some tolerance period and fund. Keep track on the project progress with the Gantt chart schedule. 3. Financial After spending more on low priorities, there is not enough funds to complete the project. There are a lot of factors that could cause the financial over spent. The major cost consuming factors are labor cost during the test process to improve the functionality due to unexpected time delay and longer period to done the test. Improper budget plan may cause the project failure. To overcome the risk, we have allocated the budget accordingly and set aside some fund, so that in case of financial crisis or in the worst scenario, we still have some budget to work out. To minimize the test cost without jeopardizing the quality of the product, we implemented all the test procedure and specification carefully. 4. System Failure Sever / PC down or crash. Equipment break down could cause the major issue as well. In the event of server or computer which important information stored was crashed or unable to operate, there will be a delay. We need to re-do all the work and it might cause project failure. To overcome and lessen the impact from this risk, everyone had kept their project information not only in the computer but also at external hard drive and thumb drive. After sending out to project manager at the given date, the project manager had compiled all the individual work and saved it in his external hard drive as well. 5. Communication Break Down Failure to pass down information. The breakdown in communication could cause the total destruction of the entire project. To overcome this risk, we have a schedule to meet one week 2 times, the first meeting of the week will be conducted by video conference. 6. Technical Skills- Weakness of knowledge in technical skill could prolong the employee is handling and maybe even impose the danger or damage to himself or the whole project. To overcome this risk, each one of us has to monitor closely and updates each other. Anyone finds out some important information on the web or book that could improve our knowledge and skill for this project, we had to share by mail or scan the page and attach it. 7. Procedure Failure of accountability, internal system and control. Failure of accountability, internal system and control could cause the whole organization structure collapsed. To lessen this risk, we had already implemented the role and responsibility for each one of us and organization chart. This will ensure each one of remain still on the track while doing project. Moreover by having flexible organization chart (rotation of duty) will ensure that everyone is involved. 8. Health Safety Injuries staff in the course of project. Health and safety always has been the highest priority in every organization. Lacking of safety requirement could cause paralyze the whole organization and goal. To overcome this risk, we had been oriented with safety requirement and regulation issued by WHS (Work place Safety and Health). 9. Security Loss of data through unauthorized access. Loss of data through unauthorized access could have more than unexpected impact on the progress of the project. To overcome the risk, we had implemented all the security access code to our equipments and facility, which contains the informations of the entire project. 10. Confidential Improper used of data by the staff. Improper used of confidential data may cause in leak aging of information to the third party as well as there can be bad reputation in Society. To lessen the risk, we had been brief all the staffs regarding about how to take precaution on this issue. 4.5 Risk Assessment RISK RISK TYPE IMPACT Likely-hood Risk level Current control Mitigation options Risk owner Man power Delay project Medium Medium Amber Back up man power Set target earlier date Risk Officer Overrun dead line Financial Medium Low Amber Closely monitor with schedule time line Risk Officer Over spent on budget Project failure High Low Amber Set aside some fund Risk Officer System Down Operational High Medium Orange Back up system Department /Team Communication break down Project failure High Low Amber Twice a week meeting Risk Officer Lack of skill and knowledge May danger to other Medium Low Amber Sharing knowledge Risk Officer Failure of accountability Operation Medium Low Amber Role responsibility Risk Officer Health safety Sick or Injury Medium Low Amber Brief on WHS Risk Officer Lack of security Operational Medium Low Amber Implement access code Risk Officer Leakage of confidential Operational, Financial High Low Amber Brief on the rule Risk Officer 5 Resources required Defining the resource requirement is dividing the responsibilities of the people who involved. To do this, initially, listing roles and responsibilities for the project then start with the ideal way in which the project should be organized. It is often useful to refer back to the previous project that the people done before which kind of roles and responsibilities exhibited. Also review the resources available such as software, PCs, budgets limitation for the project and the individual member skill that they possess. Lastly, it is required to arrange the responsibilities, which is suited for every team member. 6 Deliverables The projects are monitored from planning to operations. In accordance with the customers needs, wants and expectations, the project should have to plan towards delivering. The purposes are to complete on time, within budget, with the highest degree of quality, etc. Following are some facts of deliverables Procurement and Contract Management The decisions are to be made including selection of contractors and the types of contracts to be utilized. Executive Summary This should be a clear and concise summary of the current status of the project such as budget, schedule, quality etc Project Activities and Deliverables This is to highlight the deliverables occurring the previous month and planning for the next one to report in meeting, audits and other reviews, design packages submitted etc. Action Items/Outstanding Issues The action items/ outstanding issues may be dropped from this section upon full implementation of the remedial and upon no further monitoring anticipated. Product Quality The product is needed to plan corrective actions for deficient in quality. Internal and Stakeholder Communications It should have a discussion between the internal members and stakeholder. Environmental Monitoring The environmental permits may be obtained to specify additional requirements to be adhered. Safety and Security In order to complete the project, safety and security is required for all individuals working. Traffic Management This should be the requirement for providing monitoring and oversight of day-to-day maintenance of traffic operations. Project Communications (Media and Public Information) A critical objective for the projects is to maintain the trust, support and confidence of the media and public throughout the project. Human Resources Management This includes how roles and responsibilities for the project. Any other project functions that the project sponsors feel would be beneficial to include in the project Management Plan to ultimately help in meeting the project Objectives. 7 Organisational structure 7.1 Roles And Responsibility Project Manager will manage the entire project, assign right task to the right person, call up the meeting and always take note of the deadline. Project Engineer will directly assist to project manager with majority in developing and testing the project. Sale Engineer shall have responsibilities of marketing, budget control, banking and purchasing. Technical Engineer manages the technical part and specification of the project. Risk Officer will maintain the projects risk list, safety and security of the entire project. 8 Operational Concept The project is about the design of the Amphicar-II which is the amphibious vehicle and able to operate as a recreational water vehicle and travel on the land. The aim of the project is to produce an energy efficient, environmentally friendly consumer vehicle and crossing in the English Channel to beat the record of Richard Branson set in the Gibbs Aquada (2004). General description of the project The project carried into 4 parts. a. Draft systems engineering management plan (SEMP) b. Draft system requirement specification (SRS) c. Draft functional analysis and allocation (FAA) d. Final system specification (SS) Before we start the project, we formed the organizational group. Then we analyzed the work breakdown structure, such as schedule, cost and product testing method. First, we drew the gantt chat for schedule and estimated the cost. Then, we analyzed the program and risk management and defined resources and types of deliverables. In the second stage, we defined needs and system requirement specifications. The needs include able to travel on road and water, environmentally friendly, energy efficient and cross the English Channel to beat Gibbs Aquada. The requirements are general, safety, user, environmental, security and privacy and legal requirements. In the third stage, we sketched the functional analysis and allocation. We used the core software to produce the diagram. We sketched the physical designs and write the component details and matched them. And we drew the flow chart to analyze the system. In the final stage, we performed the system testing and summarized the project. And, we made the modification according to the test result. Then, we prepared the report and handover to the customer. System Requirements Specification (SRS) 9 Scope The aim of amphicar-II project is to produce an energy efficient, environmentally friendly consumer vehicle that is capable of travelling on road and operating as a recreational water vehicle. Moreover to introduce the vehicle to public, the first prototype will be used in crossing in the English Channel, beating Richard Bransons record set in the Gibbs Aquada. After years of on the road development, amphibious cars start to introduce to the public which can travel not only on the land also on the water. In this project, we are trying to pursue the new technologies to provide better innovative, efficient, affordable options for daily life. To concern about this, below will briefly describe what the system all about is according to purpose, operation and maintenance. 9.1 System Overview 9.1.1 Vehicle On The Road Hybrid system Hybrid means any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provide propulsion power. [7] It uses the rechargeable energy storage system and uses as power source to drive the vehicle. As concerns increase over global warming, hybrid uses less fuel and causes less pollution to environment as well as easy mode of transportation and lessening. Operation of hybrid system with engine According to our needs, we should be using Gasoline-electric Hybrid Structure that can compatible to our aims. This structure includes the following parts to operate as hybrid system; Gasoline engine the gasoline engine using in our Amphicar II project will be smaller than other normal car engines but it can help to reduce emissions and increase efficiency Fuel tank the fuel tank in a hybrid acts as an energy storage device for gasoline engine Electric motor the technology of electric motor using at hybrid system is very advance and can be used not only as a motor also as a generator to supply power source to engine. Electric motor can pull energy from the batteries as well as will recharge again while the vehicle is moving. Generator the generator only produce electric power to the engine Batteries the batteries are the energy storage devices for the electric motor in a hybrid car. As for energy efficiency and environmentally friendly, we have choose to use hybrid technology engine for our amphicar-II. Hybrid system is the wave of the future and there is more incentive to purchase one. In our conceptual design for land, the standard production model of Amphicar II will be sport car design and power by larger V-6 engine and more powerful electric motor, with the combination of the concept of plug-in hybrid that will able to go from zero to 62 miles per hour (100 kilometers per hour) in 3.5 sec and will has a top speed of 187miles per hour (301 kilometer per hours) with CVTs continuously variable transmission 5 speed manual high performance close ratio transmission. It will be the first ever its kind of in amphibian car, which can able to deliver the performance of sport car with maximum fuel efficiency. The vehicle type will be front engine, front wheel drive with 3.73-1 axle ratio, 2-doors, 4-passengers, convertible top, fitted with four wheel independent suspension and brake with stainless steel rotor. The amphicar-II will be approximately weighs 3,300lbs(1500 kg) and the weigh will be split up 53-47%, with 53% on the drive tires on the front 9.1.1.1 Operation The controls and operation will be completely carlike on the land. On water the accelerator can be use as a throttle and the steering remains as the same. 9.1.1.2 Vehicle Style The styling of the amphicar-II body structure will be look a bit like Lamborghini. The dimension of the vehicle is 4 meter in length, 2 meter in width and 1.5 meter in height. 9.1.1.3 General Feature Of The Vehicle There will be climate-control system, 4- air bags, tachometer, drivers passengers electric seat, drivers seat memory, speedometer for land and water, cruise control mode, oil pressure, engine temperature, voltage meter, gasoline fume detector, bilge ventilation blower, compass, clock, navigation (GPS), auto pilot system in water mode and AM/FM stereo. 9.1.2 Vehicle On Water Jet Engine To provide faster speed with better performance, we decided to use jet engine with lightweight and compact design while driving on the water. Though there are different types with varies sizes in jet engines, the technology used in jet engine is all the same. The fact is they depend on the high-pressure column of water pushed out of the engine to propel the boat. To travel on the water our Amphicar-II will be power by Berkeley Marine Jet with power trim package and it will has capable of speed up to 40mph (65 km/h) on water. It will able to pull a water skier easily. The Berkeley Marine jet will be design to be lighter and more compact. It will have half a length and one-third the weight, compare to most other water jet. The impeller will be installing and contain inside the body of the jet, therefore it will be very safe for swimmers. The amphicar-II will have a low speed reversing capability by running the water jet in reverse direction. The steering will be mounted on the back of the stator nozzle and will connect to the car steering wheel. 9.1.2.1 Main Body Materials Another great thing about this amphicar-II will be durable and attractive. The lower part of the amphicar-II will be lightweight component the 5052-alloy aluminum single piece hull. The upper part of the amphicar-II body will use lightweight fiberglass to minimize the overall weight of the amphicar-II. 9.1.2.2 Feature On The Lower Part Of The Body The hull will be design to be aerodynamic in road mode and hydrodynamic in water mode. It will provide over 1750kg of hydrodynamic lift. It will also provide a stable planning surface allowing the amphicar-II to skin/plane over the surface of the water when given sufficient from the jet. The hull will have a keel fin that will give s directional stability and provide grip for high speed handling performance on water. There will be a spray rails and chin either side of the body, it will prevent the water spray to the cockpit and ensure the occupants remain dry. Also it will provide grip to give exceptional maneuverability. 9.1.2.3 Special Feature The hull will be pack with floatation foam and the amphicar-II will not sink if it knocked at the bottom part of the body. It will only float on the water in the worst scenario, but it would not sink. 9.1.2.4 Special Feature Of Suspension This amphicar-II will have retractable 4 points independent front and rear suspension system. By retracting its four wheels up to within the wheels housing, it will prevent from the wheel dragging to the water and will increase its water performance, and better manoeuvre ability. Also it will automatically decouple when the engine no longer drives them. The hydraulic rams that move the control arm suspended corner up and down, also serve as automatic ride height control. 9.1.3 Mode Transition There will be mode selection switch, to change either water mode or land mode. The mode selection switch will interlock with water sensor, to prevent from changing to water mode while driving on the road. So that to change from land to water mode, the water sensor has to detect enough water depth in order to retract the four wheels. The switch will also have a cover to prevent from accidentally switching of mode select switch. By pressing the mode selector button to marine mode, it will drops the clutch, disengages the road drive, shifts the transmission into aquatic duty, retract the wheels, the jet drive kick in and take off in water. All this process will take place within 10 sec. The retraction of the wheel will be as same as what AQUADA used but only difference is that the wheels are retracted upwardly and aluminum plates will be occupied firmly without leak aging at the place of the wheels. So the entire Amphicar looks like totally as a boat floating on the water surface confidently. In order to prevent leaks, this Amphicar-II has covered with a single frame using aluminum metal. 9.1.4 Performance It will be like a sport car on the road and speedboat on the water. 9.1.5 Maintenance Frequent hull inspections at panel seams and joints are essential. The user should check and clean after cruising in salt or brackish water is a thorough hosing with fresh water for the entire hull and all exposed suspension and nautical propulsion components. Items need to be check by service engineers are lists down below, 1. Road test 2. Wash oil filter cap and breather 3. Wash air filter and carburetor 4. Renew filter 5. Wash out the petrol pump 6. Clean petrol gauge of three way cock 7. Check fan belt tension and dynamo mounting bolts 8. Check cooling and heating system 9. Clean sparking plugs 10. Renew sparking plugs 11. Check and clean dynamo and starter motor 12. Check and tighten cylinder head nuts 13. Check valve clearance (cold) adjust if necessary 14. Check ignition clean and adjust contact points 15. Check engine, gearbox, radiator and exhaust mountings 16. Check brake and clutch pedal travel, also handbrake 17. Check the gear shift mechanism 18. Check play of steering, adjust if necessary 19. Check tightness of steering mounting bolts and linkage 20. Check play of stub axle bolts, re tighten if necessary 21. Check steering knuckle arm play, re tighten if necessary 22. Check brake hoses for condition and leaks 23. Check front and rear hub bearing adjustment 24. Check shock absorber mounting and coil springs 25. Check function of door hinges and locks 26. Check weather-strips and sealers for condition. Apply talc powder to door sealers 27. Check the vehicle for water tightness 28. Check function of all Bowden cables 29. Check tightness of exhaust flange to manifold 30. Check all bolts, screws and nuts of body, retighten 31.Check wheel studs for tightness, retighten if necessary 32.Check tire pressures 33.Interchange road wheels to balance wear 34.Check toe-in align if necessary 35.Wash Bilge pump and strainer 36.Check operation of all electrical components, adjust headlamps 37.Wipe clean door handles, gear shift, and steering wheel 38.Test run, final inspection, check idling of engine, adjust if necessary Items to be service during maintenance. 1. Grease castor rods 2. Grease steering universal joints 2a. Check steering box oil level 3. Grease stub axle 4. Grease axles tubes 5. Pock front and rear wheel hubs with grease 6. Grease track rods 7. Check water transmission oil level 8.Check gearbox oil level 8a. Change gearbox oil 9. Grease inside joints 10. Grease universal joints 11. Check battery electrolyte 12. Grease propeller shafts 13. Generator a few drops of oil 14. Smear distributor cam with oil 15. Check radiator water level 16. Grease water pump (8 hand stokes) 17. Check engine oil level 18. Oil filter cap 19. Change engine oil 20. Grease outside joint 21. Grease axles tubes 22. Change water transmission oil 23. Lubricate hinges and door locks 24. Check and top up brake fluid 9.1.6 Sponsor and Developer Project sponsor is AdSing and the developer for conceptual design is New Generation Pte Ltd. AdSing will put forward to independent sub-contractors for further iterations of the SDLC (System Development Lifecycle). 9.1.7 Operating Site Current operating site is in Marina Bay, Singapore and future will be all over the world, which has resort beach. 9.2 Document overview This document comprises the detail in the allocation of the functional statements and physical elements of the Amphicar-II project system, which are decompose from the information gathered in the early phases. It incorporated with diagrams of the physical elements and functions breakdown in the form of Functional flow Block diagram. This will provide clearer view and presenting on the sequences and the interfaces between the main and the sub-categories. Detail descriptions on the functions and components attributes will mentions to provide information on each element performances. The purpose is to draw out all the requirements needed to be met and also identify the systems effectiveness and its performance at all levels. These documents are highly classified serves several important roles in the process for the development. Therefore, only with the given authorized project manager, Sithu Aung, would be allowed to access. Validation for referencing is needed at all times. Legal action will be taken for reviewing of contents and copyrights. 10 Referenced documents 10.1. Amphicar Website, 20 January 2010, Detail technical spec, viewed 20 21 January 2010 https://www.amphicars.com/acteng.htm 10.2. Youtube, 20 January 2010, Amphicar technical Video, viewed 20 21 January 2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kS_QW-Iw_eQ 10.3. Gibbstech Website, 20 January 2010, HSA Technology, viewed 20 21 January 2010 https://www.gibbstech.com/downloads/HSA_technology.pdf 10.4. Wikipedia, 20 January 2010, Environmental issues, viewed 20 21 January 2010 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hybrid_vehicle#Environmental_issues 10.5. Eartheasy, 20 January 2010, Hybrid cars, viewed 19 20 January 2010 https://www.eartheasy.com/live_hybrid_cars.htm 10.6. Powerofh-asia, 20 January 2010, Lexus Hybrid Portal, viewed 19 20 January 2010 https://www.powerofh-asia.com/#/TheExperience 10.7. Howstuffworks, 20 January 2010, Hybrid-car, viewed 19 20 January 2010 https://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm 10.8. Amphibiouscar, 20 January 2010, Amphibiouscar, viewed 19 20 January 2010 https://www.amphibiouscar.net/ 11 Needs The customers desires become the important to our projects needs and requirements. The surveys come from the customer feedbacks are our core objectives and the project aims. To meet this aspect, we made the outlines for the needs. 11.1 Speed 11.2 Safety 11.3 Durability 11.4 Operation 11.5 Navigation 11.6 Security 11.7 Comfort 11.8 Entertainment 11.9 Engine and Fuel 11.10 Maintenance (Warranty) 11.11 Environmental friendly 11.11.1 Using Hybrid Engine for nature friendly and to go green 11.11.2 Recycle the vehicle when it ends the service life 11 Environmental friendly 11.1 Hybrid engine will be assembled for nature friendly and to go green. 2 Analysis Demonstration 11.2 Every vehicle needs to recycle when it ends the service life 2 Analysis Calculation 11.1 Speed 11.1.1 Able to drive at the maximum speed of 180 km/h on land 11.1.2 Able to drive at the maximum speed of 70 km/h on water 11.2 Safety 11.2.1 Equipped with enough air-bags for 4 persons 11.2.2 Equipped with water-leakage alarm 11.2.3 Equipped with over-load detection alarm 11.2.4 Equipped with 4 life-jackets 11.2.5 Equipped with built-in paddles in case of emergency of engine breakdown 11.2.6 Equipped with the button to trigger SOS signal to request the help from the coast guard 11.2.7 Equipped with fire-extinguisher to kill fire 11.2.8 Equipped with first-aid kit 11.3 Durability 11.3.1 The body of the car is hull type to be able to float on seawater as well as on fresh water 11.3.2 The material shall be tough enough to resist the weather 11.3.3 The engine shall be long-life span 11.4 Operation 11.4.1 Auto transmission system using user control switch (land/water) 11.4.2 Gear box using the auto mode and manual mode 11.4.3 Power steering wheel 11.4.4 Easy handling with foldable roof under shine or wet 11.4.5 Equipped with hydraulic wheel retracting method to reduce hull drag in water mode 11.4.6 On the land, using V.6 or hybrid engine 11.4.7 On the water, using Berkeley Marine Jet 11.5 Navigation 11.5.1 Using GPS to provide navigation 11.5.2 Able to view map location on LCD screen 11.6 Security 11.6.1 Support remote control 11.6.2 Authorize lock with thumbprint control 11.6.3 Equipped with alarm system to detect of unauthorized personal 11.7 Comfort 11.7.1 Cruise control for easy drive in land mode 11.7.2 Leather seats 11.8 Entertainment 11.8.1 In car entertainment system like radio or CD player 11.8.2 DVD player for land mode (optional) 11.9 Engines and Fuel 11.9.1top-up windscreen cleaning liquid when necessary 11.9.2 check air pressure of the wheel occasionally 11.9.3 refill the fuel before the empty fuel indicator light is on 11.10 Maintenance 11.10.1 Preventive maintenance in every 10,000 km or every 6 months 11.10.2 Servicing for Engine for both land and water 11.10.3 Maintenance service in wheel balancing and body alignment 11.10.4 Check regularly for hydraulic oil, engine oil and leakage checking 11.10.5 Preventive maintenance service in battery and electrical parts 12 Requirements 12.1 General requirement The general requirement of the system is able to drive on the land and water. It is also the energy efficient and environmentally friendly vehicle, which is easy to operate. Each requirement needs the following information: 12.1.1 Requirement Identifier: Required a unique requirement ID number 12.1.2 Requirement: Write requirement statement according to the needs 12.1.3 Traceability: Reference where the requirement came from 12.1.14 Priority: Levels of important of the requirements 12.2 Priority Table Priority No Summary 1 Highest Priority, safe and efficient 2 Higher Priority, affordable and environmental 3 Moderate Priority, ease and convenience 4 Lower Priority, to meet personal requirement 5 Lowest Priority, to meet general requirement 12.3 Verification Method Table Test type Description Demonstration Demonstrate and test to proof the performance. Analysis Analysis discuss the system which has not satisfied result. Calculation Calculate especially for mechanical parts Simulation Simulate the system before physically test ID Requirement Priority Verification Method 1 Speed 1.1 The speed of the vehicle shall not be less than 180 km/h with the maximum weight 1900kg on the land. 2 Calculation 1.2 The speed of the vehicle shall not be less than 65 km/h with the maximum weight 1900kg on the water. 2 Calculation 2 Safety 2.1 Air-bags protection system shall activate not more than 1 second for 4 persons. 1 Demonstration 2.2 Water-leakage alarm shall be sound not longer than 4 seconds where there is leakage. 1 Simulation 2.3 Over-load alarm shall be triggered whenever the load more than 1900 kg. 1 Demonstration 2.4 Life jackets shall be provided for 4 persons whose average weight is not greater than 80 kg. 1 Demonstration 2.5 Two built-in paddles shall not be longer than 50 cm in folded and 150 cm in normal condition. 1 Demonstration 2.6 The driver not more than 0.5 m away from the seat in case of emergency shall access the SOS signal button. 1 Simulation 2.7 Fire-extinguisher shall be installed not more than 0.5 m away from the driver seat. 1 Calculation Analysis 2.8 The passenger not more than 0.5 m from the seat shall access the first-aid kit. 1 Calculation 3 Durability 3.1 The body of the hull shall be made of alloy aluminum, which is able to float on water. 2 Simulation 3.2 The outer layer of the vehicle shall be painted with coating which is able to resist the weather. 2 Simulation Analysis 3.3 The engine of the vehicle shall be maintenance free engine, which has minimum life span of 10 years. 2 Analysis Calculation 4 Operation 4.1 The transmission of the car shall be auto transmission system, which is control by user switch. 2 Simulation 4.2 The gear box of the car shall be auto mode and manual mode. 3 Analysis 4.3 The car shall be had power steering function which is able to turn 360 degree. 3 Analysis 4.4 The vehicle shall be equipped with foldable roof, which can be operated not more than 5 seconds. 4 Demonstration 4.5 The vehicle shall be equipped with hydraulic wheel retracting system which is able to keep the wheel not more than 3 seconds. 2 Simulation 4.6 On the land operation, the vehicle shall be used hybrid engine. 2 Analysis 4.7 On the water operation, the vehicle shall be used Berkeley Marine Jet. 2 Analysis 5 Navigation 5.1 The vehicle shall be used GPS to provide navigation system. 3 Demonstration 5.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with LCD screen, which is not smaller than 10cmX8cm to view the map location. 4 Simulation Analysis 6 Security 6.1 The power of the vehicle shall be ON by users remote control not more than 2 seconds delay. 2 Analysis 6.2 The car operation shall be enabled by user thumb-print control. 2 Analysis Demonstration 6.3 The vehicle shall be equipped with alarm system whenever the car was driven by unauthorized personal. 2 Analysis 7 Comfort 7.1 The vehicle will be equipped with cruise control for easy drive in land mode 3 Demonstration 7.2 Leather seats is essential to be comfortable when drive in both land and water 3 Demonstration 8 Entertainment 8.1 In car entertainment system will definitely attract the user for listening music or news on radio or CD player 4 Demonstration 8.2 User can watch movie from 7 screen of DVD player for land mode (optional) 4 Demonstration 9 Engines and Fuel 9.1 User need to top-up windscreen cleaning liquid when necessary 5 Analysis Simulation 9.2 User must check air pressure of the wheel occasionally 1 Analysis 9.3 User need to refill the fuel before the empty fuel indicator light is on 5 Analysis 10 Maintenance 10.1 Service engineer have to do preventive maintenance in every 10,000 km or every 6 months according to PM checklist 1 Analysis Calculation 10.2 Technical engineer needs to service the engine for both land and water 1 Analysis 10.3 Wheel balancing and body alignment have to be performed by technical engineer 1 Calculation Analysis 10.4 Service engineer will check regularly for hydraulic oil, engine oil and leakage checking 1 Calculation Analysis 12.4 System capability or mode Amphi-car is able to hold the capacity of 4 persons including driver. Amphibious vehicle can speed up to 180km/h on land and 70km/h in water. There is user control switch, which will be computerised to change land and water mode. User will change from land mode to water mode once the vehicle hull touch the water and it will take less than 12 seconds to operate in water. After 12 seconds the vehicle will run with jet engine and can ride up to 70km/h as user desire. In the other hand, the vehicle will change from water mode to land mode once user switch it to and will take less than 12 seconds to drive on the road too. Functional Analysis and Allocation (FAA) 13 Scope 13.1 System Overview The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the functional design, physical design and components details of the Amphicar-II project. After assigned the needs and requirements from the previous assignment, we will continue the design process, which includes function and physical design. The purpose of the vehicle is able to operate on land and water, so that we will build the vehicle according to our requirements. 13.2 Document Overview This document includes of 4 major parts, namely scope, referenced documents, functional analysis and physical design. In the scope, we describe system overview and document overview. In the second part, referenced documents what we made. Then the main body of the documents are functional analysis design and physical design. In the functional analysis, we separate into 7 subsystems, performance, operation, design, safety, security, maintenance and personal requirements. In the physical design, we will mention physical overview and component details. 14 Referenced Documents 1. System Engineering lecture notes prepared by Mr. Bill Daniels 2. Core Tutorial taught by Mr. Bill Daniels 15 Functional Analysis 15.1 Amphicar-II System 15.1.1 Performance System 15.1.2 Operation System Design 15.1.3 Design System 15.1.4 Safety System 15.1.5 Security System 15.1.6 Maintenance System 15.1.7 Personal Requirement System 16 Physical Design 16.1 Physical Overview Amphicar II System 16.2 Component Details 16.2.1 Amphicar-II Design System As for the design system, the amphicar II mainly composed with below accessories. 16.2.1.1 Seats There will be four seats made up of high quality leather that can be used on the land and water without damages. 16.2.1.2 Hull The hull part of the vehicle is used 5052 alloy aluminum single piece in order to prevent from water leak aging and provides buoyancy in order to floating on the water. 16.2.1.3 Body The whole body of the vehicle is covered with alloy aluminum, which provides lightweight and proportional to the balance of the capacity. 16.2.1.4 Jet In order to increase the acceleration in water mode, we used compact design of Berkeley Marine Jet engine which capable in increasing speed up to 40mph (65 km/h). 16.2.1.5 Hybrid As concerns increase over global warming, we used hybrid system to develop Amphicar II. Also this system allows our V6 engine brings up speed to 62 mph (100 km/h). 16.2.2 Amphicar-II Maintenance System 16.2.2.1 Brake Brake is critical safety system of the vehicle. The brake system should be checked at every service and not to be interfered with by anybody who does not have the appropriate skill and experience. * Check disc brake and or drum shoe wear levels. * Replace front and rear pad/shoes if necessary. * Inspect brake fluid levels and check braking system components. * Road test vehicle to check that brakes are operating correctly. 16.2.2.2 Car Battery A car battery is the center of power supply for innovative car components. The battery must be check and test regularly. * Clean the battery terminals. * Measure the specific gravity with a hydrometer. * Ensure all the individual cell is in good condition. * Every 3-year replace all the batteries. 16.2.2.3 Car Body For amphicar-II, frequent hull inspections at panel seams and joints are essential. After cruising in salt or brackish water, a through hosing with fresh water for the entire hull and all exposed suspension and nautical propulsion components is required. Check and ensure that there is no corrosion, no damage, no crack at the lower part of the body the hull and upper part of the aluminum amphicar-II body. 16.2.2.4 Filter The filter for oil, fuel, cabin and air filters need to check and clean accordingly. If needed, replacement must be done immediately. Changing of car filter regular basic can have a significant impact on engine life and performance. 16.2.2.5 Gear Box Gearbox fluid protects the amphicar-II against the heat and contaminants by lubricating gears, bearings, and shafts. Every service need to be carry out as shown below, * Remove the old gearbox fluid. * Inspect check plug and drain plug. * Refill a new fluid. 16.2.2.6 Hybrid V6 Engine The amphicar-II hybrid V6 engine must be check and service regularly. * Check engine oil level, oil condition. Top up or refill the oil, if necessary. * Check automatic transmission fluid. Change after 5,0000 miles. * Check and inspect the engine coolant level. * Check the electric motors coil, rotor and all the wiring. * Check the gasoline tank. 16.2.2.7 Jet Engine Need to check and inspect the jet engine regularly before and after use. At least one a year recommends to carry out thorough diagnosis. * Check the impeller and all the axles. * Check and inspect the thrust bearing. * Check on the water seal. 16.2.2.8 Sensor All the electrical wiring and sensor, computerize pre-program sensor and alarm sensor are need to check and test regularly. 16.2.2.9 Wheels Check the tire pressure and the condition regularly, at least once a month. Check on the wheel balance and alignment. Note: Due to many components are cannot be inspected visually. It is recommend having amphicar-II inspected, check and test regularly, at least one a year, by a mechanic. 16.2.3 Amphicar-II Operational System 16.2.3.1 Hydraulic Wheels Amphicar II is using the hydraulic wheel lift method, which can be easily aligned with the vehicle to be towed without helping an operator, as well as it could not be damaged to the bumper or vehicle frame since retracting style is in an upward position. 16.2.3.2 Battery Amphicar II is equipped with the powerful 12V battery type (High quality Calcium) in order to maintain the acceleration and performance as well as can operate properly when dealing with water. 16.2.4 Personnel Requirement 16.2.4.1 GPS In order to convenient in navigation system, the vehicle had used GPS system to navigate user as well as user can be made sure that he is still on the right track and heading to the right destination. 16.2.4.2 CD/DVD Player To provide entertainment, we built in LCD DVD player prevent the user from drowsiness and keep awake while driving. 16.2.4.3 Cruise The vehicle implemented with cruise mode for user that can be loafing when Amphicar-II drives on the water. This system is fully compatible with the GPS system and it will stay on the right track after the user announced the exact location in the system. 16.2.5 Amphicar-II Safety In modern time, one of the most important aspects of the vehicles is the safety feature they contain. So our amphicar-II will be equip with safety feature as shown below. 16.2.5.1 Pre-Collision System The amphicar-II will be equipped with Pre-Collision System. This technology system sense and prepare for a collision. When a sensor signals an impending crash, the system will takes preemptive action such as pre-tensioning the seat belts, preloading the brake and aligning air bag to better protect occupants. 16.2.5.2 Brake control The amphicar-II will be equipped with Brake Control. In emergency situation, when the sensor detect panic braking, brake assist applies maximum brake boost and therefore decreases stopping distance. 16.2.5.3 Tire pressure monitor The amphicar-II will be equipped with Tire Pressure Monitor. Tire pressure-monitoring systems, which use sensor to provide information on tire inflation to a display instrument panel. It will show pressure in individual tires. 16.2.5.4 Navigation System The amphicar-II will be equipped with GPS navigation system. GPS navigation system will guide through the destination and very much safer than reading a map behind the wheel. They issue turn-by-turn guidance and will reroute if they miss a turn. 16.2.5.5 Electronic Stability Control The amphicar-II will equipped with Electronic Stability Control. Electronic stability control works by using a computer program, which can detect and effectively prevent skids. It does this by detecting loss of steering control and applying individual brakes to help keep the driver in some control of the vehicle. It can also reduce engine power until it deems that enough control has been regained. 16.2.5.6 Air Bags The amphicar-II will equipped with 4-air bags. When collision occurs, the air bag suddenly expand and stopping the heads from crashing into the steering wheel or dashboard and saved a person from serious head injuries. 16.2.5.7 Seat Belt Pretensioners The amphicar-II will be equipped with Seat Belt Pre-tensioners. Seatbelt tensioners are component of the seatbelt system, which locks the seatbelt in place during a crash. 16.2.5.8 VHF-FM Radio (S.O.S Signal) The amphicar-II will be equipped with VHF-FM Radio. This marine VHF-FM radio is the most critical pieces of safety equipment for the Amphi car. This VHF-FM radio have a new feature called digital selective calling DSC. With a press of a button, the radio sends distress alerting signal and the location to the coast guard using GPS. 16.2.5.9 Life Jacket (or) Personal Floating Device (PFD) The amphicar-II will have life jacket. There will be 4-adult and 1-child sizes life jacket in the amphicar-II, for emergency used. Children younger than 13 year old must wear a life jacket while under way. 16.2.5.10 First Aid Kit There will be first aid kit box for emergency use in the amphicar-II. 16.2.5.11 Fire Extinguisher There will be 1 Kg CO2 fire extinguisher at the back of amphicar-II. 16.2.5.12 Water Leakage Sensor Water leakage sensor will be install to monitor water leakage to the lower parts of the amphicar-II. 16.2.5.13 Over Load Detection Alarm The amphicar-II will be equipped with over load detection alarm system if the overall weight of 1900kg exceed. 16.2.5.14 Paddle The amphicar-II will be equipped with 2 paddles for emergency use , incase of engine break down. 16.2.6 Amphicar-II Security System 16.2.6.1 Motion Sensor Amphicar-II will be equipped with motion sensor. The sensor will sense the movement within the vehicle. This is perfect for amphicar-II with foldable roof. 16.2.6.2 Thumb Scanner Amphicar-II will be equipped with finger scanner to start the engine. Its can be stored up to 10-persons authorized fingerprint. 16.2.6.3 Two-Way Communication Remote These amphicar-II will come with two-way communication remote. It will provide visual or auditory confirmation of alarm status right on the key fob. 16.2.6.4 Immobilizer The amphicar-II will be equipped with engine immobilizer using transponder operation. High security code is transferred b an automated signal. Transponder tag is active only when in close proximity to the ignition switch.

Screening / Treatment / Prevention Essay - 1940 Words

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string(53) " understand them a person would need reading skills\." In the state of Kentucky Social Studies education focuses on five big ideas that all topics can fall under. These topics are government and civics, cultures and societies, economics, geography, and historical perspective. (Kidwell, 2012) Geography is one of the big five ideas and is extremely important. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Instructional Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the foundations of geography is the use of map skills. Map skills can include simply reading a map, using visual literacy to decode information represented on a map, tracing a route from point A to point B, and using the information on a map to problem solve and make inferences. At Conway Middle School students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades have problems with map skills. Specifically, students do not know how to correctly read a map, identify the different types of maps, locate information on a map, and when given a starting point and directions could not correctly trace/navigate to a disclosed or undisclosed end location. For example, when given the starting point for the exploration of the Louisiana Territory by Lewis and Clark on a map and basic directions students could not correctly follow the path using geographic tools such as maps, atlas, globes, and photos. These are skills that students will need as they progress through their academic pursuits and in life. Based on data collected and a needs analysis there is a need for interventions to help resolve this instructional problem. Goal Statement Students in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grade at Conway Middle school after successfully completing the instructional unit will be able to apply the map skills that have been learned in the real world. Conway Middle School is an inner city, title 1 school. A reality of this is that many students rely on riding public transportation to get to and from school. One of the real world goals for instruction is that students will be able to look at a road map and navigate from Point A to Point B without the need for electronic devices to assist with mapping. The students will be able to correctly give someone directions to get from their present location to another location. The students will examine a map of the bus routes in the city of Louisville and be able to correctly pick the buses they would need to get on to get home from any location serviced by the Transit Authority of the River City. Students will use their learned map skills to problem solve using maps, graphs, and charts in other subject areas such as math and science. In addition to these real world applications students will be able to perform at a level greater or equal to 80% correct on a summative assessment given by the teacher that encompasses all the topics from the unit of instruction. The summative assessment will include topics from the desired conditions of this needs analysis. While map skills are a social studies topic they have many applications in other core content areas and within the real world. Many people use them on a daily basis and do not even realize their importance. While the goal of middle school social studies education should be to provide students with the skills to become good citizens and prepare them with the content knowledge and skills necessary to lay a foundation for college and career readiness that will lead to successful high school academic endeavors. The reality is that we must also meet state standards and often loose site of the most important part of the social studies content. The part of social studies content that I am referring to is the preparation of students to become good citizens. Learner Analysis Before beginning the learner analysis needs, the researcher feels it important to take moment to introduce the instructional setting of the group. For this learner analysis the instructional setting is Conway Middle School in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Conway Middle School is an inner city, title 1 school. The school is located in the Pleasure Ridge Park community of Louisville, Kentucky. Pleasure Ridge Park is located on the south side of Louisville. Like many other major metropolitan areas the south side of town is not the most sought after area to live in or be from. Some students are bused into the area from other sections of town. Conway Middle School is home to almost 1000 students of various genders and ethnicities. The instructional unit will be taught in a 6th grade social studies classroom. The average amount of students in the classroom on a daily basis is 120. The 6th grade is made up of three teams of teachers. Each team has a social studies, math, language arts, and science teacher. Throughout the course of a normal school day a group of 130 students will rotate into each content area for seventy minutes. Now that the setting has been discussed let’s talk about the learners. Requisite Knowledge and Skills In the state of Kentucky middle school social studies has no prerequisite social studies skills or knowledge needed to be successful. However, there are certain requisite skills and knowledge that will help all students succeed. First, students need to have reading comprehension skills. The students must be able to read and write within one or two levels of the current grade. Second, the students need math comprehension skills. Math skills might sound funny as a requisite knowledge for social studies but it is true. Without math skills students would be ill prepared to understand the numbers on a map, the dates of events, cost of wars, and even the reasons behind the migrations of millions of people to new areas seeking better jobs, economic success, and untold fortunes. The reading skills are essential because what we know about social studies is made up from artifacts. Many of those artifacts are journals, diaries, declarations, newspapers, books, and interviews that in order to understand them a person would need reading skills. You read "Summary of Instructional Problem" in category "Papers" If a student has the requisite skills listed above the teacher can design an instructional unit that builds knowledge from the ground up. Now that the requisite skills have been discussed let’s take a look at the prior knowledge and skills of the learner group. Prior Knowledge and Skills The learner group has been assessed for prior knowledge and skills. A part of the assessment took place when the researcher administered a test/pre-test for the needs analysis in task 1. The teacher has also been assessing the students as the school year progressed. It was found that despite the best efforts of the learner group’s previous teachers many of the students lack basic knowledge of map skills. The students were taught map skills in the 5th grade, but very little was retained. During other assessments the teacher found out that many students could remember some of the words related to map skill but were unable to define them or their importance. The data from the previous assessments showed that there was a foundation to build upon but essentially the teacher was starting from the ground up when designing the instructional unit. Most students knew their directions but very little otherwise. When given an atlas to assist with the pre-test the students’ average score overall was 52%. The data gathered from the needs analysis and other assessments of prior knowledge and skills will drive the design and focus of the instructional unit on map skills. Now that prior knowledge and skills have been discussed let’s move on to the demographic information of the learner group. Demographic Information The demographic makeup of the learner group is diverse. There are a total of 130 students in the group. 62 of the students are male and 68 are female in gender. The ethnic makeup of the males is as follows: 49% African American, 40% white, 10% Latino, and 1% Asian. The ethnic makeup of the females is as follows: 53% African American, 41% white, 5% Latino, and 1% Asian. The females outnumber the males by almost 10%. 55% of the students come from single parent households. The ages range from 10 years old to 12 years old and are of varied maturity levels. With over half of the students coming from single parent households, parental support is sometimes at low level. Having a majority of the students being female and/or African American influences the way in which the teacher must design the instructional unit. The demographics can sometimes make it difficult to design instruction in a way that is both relevant and interesting for all students. Along with taking into account the demographics of the learner group the teacher must account for the learner group’s attitudes towards the topic when designing instruction. Learner Group Attitudes Attitude is everything. When designing a unit of instruction a teacher must take into account the learner group’s attitudes toward the topic, education, and teachers. That might sound like an easy task but it is not. Students bring past experiences and attitudes toward teachers and education into the classroom every day. This has a profound influence on the learning environment. For example, almost half of the students that this teacher sees on daily basis say social studies is their least favorite subject at school. Some of those same students attribute this to previous teachers and the experience that they have had. Other students like social studies but hate map skills calling it boring and useless. These students are the ones that make designing instruction a little more time consuming. To combat the negativity towards social studies the teacher must go out of his/her way to build the relationships with students to foster a mutual respect and hopefully instill a lifelong love of learning. While building the relationships the teacher is able to design instruction in a way that is relevant to each student and interesting. Despite best efforts there will always be one or two students with a negative attitude towards the topic. One way that I have found to make learning fun and interesting is through the use of whole brain teaching. Whole brain teaching accounts for all learning styles and at the same time manages behaviors in the classroom. Speaking of learning styles, let’s take a look at the unique characteristics of the students in the learner group. Unique Characteristics Within the teacher’s class there is a diverse group of learners. They are made up of various ethnicities from many different backgrounds. First, let’s take a look at the learning styles of the group. About halfway through the school year the teacher was introduced to a new to him style of teaching. That style was called Whole Brain Teaching. The teacher is bringing this up because of the variety of learning styles in his classroom. Those learning styles are kinesthetic, visual, and auditory. When the program was implemented in this teacher’s classroom he surveyed the class to ask about their learning style. It was very informative. Over half of the class said that they learned best in more than one way. At first the teacher was worried. He thought to himself how am I going to teach to all of these learning styles? I will spend all my free time designing instruction. It really wasn’t that bad. The whole brain teaching method allowed the teacher to reach the students that were kinesthetic learners by incorporating movement in the classroom. The visual learners learned by watching the teacher teach, other students teach, reading, and by watching short video clips incorporated into the lessons. The auditory learners heard the teacher teaching, listening to other students during the turn and teach portion of the lesson, by listening to the oral reading of exerts, and by listening to the video clips incorporated into the lessons. The unique characteristics of the learners means that the teacher must design lessons that incorporate visual, auditory, and kinesthetic pieces into the instruction. At times it can be very difficult to design a lesson that reaches all learning styles. This only takes into account the unique characteristics of a little over three quarters of the class. Almost 15% of the class were/are ECE or Special Education Students. The special education students have a variety of diagnoses that range from Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Other Health Impairment, Learning Disorder, Behavior Disorder, to Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Those are a wide range of diagnoses and they must be taken into account as well. In addition to those diagnoses one student suffers from seizures that can be triggered by flashing lights. What does all of this mean? It means that a great attention to detail must be used by the teacher when designing the instructional unit and the learning environment. The teacher has a binder with all of the Individual Education Plans and a spreadsheet to make instructional design easier. When designing the instructional unit and assessment the teacher must take into account the accommodations that these IEP’s allow. Accommodations As stated above 15% of the class is made up of ECE or Special Education students. These students all have IEP’s that allow for accommodations. The accommodations are as follows: extended time, paraphrasing, the use of a reader, the use of a scribe, prompts and cues, redirection, preferential seating choice, and a special behavior plan. When designing the instruction the teacher accounts for extended time by creating fill in the blank note sheets for all students. This way the students aren’t singled out by others. Paraphrasing is allowed for when the teacher is reading the text or lecturing. Usually it is qualified for the students with a statement that starts out with â€Å"in other words it means this. † The reader is allowed for during the lessons and during assessments. During assessments the teacher reads each question out to the class. When that is not possible a qualified special education profession will take the students that require reader to another location to administer the test. The one student that is allowed a scribe has a special electronic device that he carries with him each day. The lessons are scanned into a document for him to complete on the device. Assessments are handled in the same fashion. The students that are allowed prompts and cues receive them throughout the lesson. Sometimes it is just a matter of walking by and pointing something out to the student. At other times it requires a verbal cue or redirection. Two students have IEPs that allow for preferential seating because they have very poor eyesight. At the beginning of the school year I asked the two students in private which seat they would prefer in the front row. Those two students pointed out their seats and have been in them ever since. When the lesson or classroom is moved around these students get preferential seating. One student has a special behavior plan. He is a very smart student. This student only has an IEP because his disruptive behavior sometimes requires removal from the stimulus of the class. All students that are allowed accommodations based on their IEPs receive them. Performance Context The performance context in which the students are expected to use the new skills and knowledge has several locations. Based on the real world instructional goal the students will go be able to go out into the city and do certain tasks but for the class the students will practice these in a safe and controlled environment. For example, one of the goals discusses being able to read a map and give directions to from Point A to Point B. Before this will be applied in the real world students will apply it in the classroom. Am I saying that all the students are going to go give someone directions or ride the bus home? No, what I am saying is that at the completion of the instructional unit the student will be prepared to do these tasks if needed. The teacher has an instructional lesson that involves the students using only a map and or atlas to route a family vacation to another state. Through demonstration of using the atlas to correctly route a family vacation the students will have simulated part of the real world goals in a controlled environment. In light of the fact that many students use public transportation to get to and from school the teacher has designed a lesson that again allows the students to practice this real world activity in a safe and controlled environment. For that lesson all the students will have a copy of the Transit Authority of the River City, the city bus company, TARC for short’s routes. The assignment requires the students to examine the bus routes and correctly list the buses that they will need to ride to get from Conway Middle School to their house. When the students complete this assignment they will also have to account for the bus schedule and determine what time to leave, how long they will be at each bus stop, and the amount of time it will take them to get from school to home. One of the performance contexts is in the current classroom and future classrooms. What I mean by this is that after the successful completion of the unit the students will have better map skills that can be applied in this social studies classroom and in other classrooms both in the present and the future. Through a thorough learner analysis the teacher is better prepared to design the unit of instruction to meet the needs of all of his students and prepare them to be successful. How to cite Summary of Instructional Problem, Papers

Regulation of Australian Banks for Regulation - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRegulation of Australian Banks for Financial Regulation. Answer: The Australian nation is one of the reputable countries in terms of financial regulation. This is attributed to the fact that the country has put sufficient policies that govern the sector. The banking sector is one of the efficient sectors that are relied upon for the success of the countrys economy. Today, any country that wishes to compete favorably and sustain its population must invest heavily in the financial sector and regulation of the same. The success of Australia is a story that began long ago and there is enough documentation to depict this state of affairs. In this case, this discussion will examine the history of bank regulation in Australia, the current state as it stands and how the sector can be improved in the future. (Russo 2016, p. 235-260) The history of bank regulation dates back to the nineteenth century. This was the dawn of many other economies and to be specific, Australia formed its first back during this period. Given that this was a colonial era, Australia exercised most of its regulation from its areas of influence which included states. The business of starting and executing activities of banking and regulation did not go on in a smooth way. The end of the nineteenth century saw a terrible fluctuation whereby the states under the influence of Australia underwent a series of depressions. Such states included Victoria. When these trends could not be contained any more, the country lost its economic course through a collapse of several banks. (Milbourne et al. 2010) The beginning of the twentieth century in the year 1901 was characterized by the establishment of a federation which was enjoined in the Commonwealth association. This implied that the regulatory activities would be executed by this world known setup which had the muscle to ensure that the regulations would be followed to the latter. Through the efforts of the Commonwealth stakeholders, Australia established a central bank which would be used to execute most of the regulatory processes. Apparently, since the establishment of the central bank up to the modern days, Australia has not had any turmoil in the banking sector and no bank has collapsed as a result. (Jarvis 2013, p. 456-467) The aftermath of the Second World War created the perception that the government had the capacity to control the economy because it had shown indications that it would also regulate banks. As a consequence, new rules were set up. The rules bordered on the capacity to lend, rates of interest, bank reserves and the securities that the government can access. The central bank was derived from the then RBA which was tasked with the duty of oversight upon other banks. The movement of time was described by the changes in the trends in the banking sector. This meant that the sector adopts the new policies as time dictated. More specifically, there was a committee that was formed in the year 1970 and it was known as the Campbell Committee. The suggestions in its report led to a new turn of events which saw the whole banking system deregulated. (Ferran et al. 2015) The results of the Campbell Committee report adversely affected the regulation of the banking sector. This prompted the stakeholders to reintroduce the regulation policies through a process that was called re-regulation. This new development highlighted the weaknesses in the report and did away with most of the suggestions that had resulted to a system of lawlessness in the sector. Re-regulation was facilitated through the introduction of APRA and ASIC which took charge of the situation by instituting new regulations that increased the powers of the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) which was later upgraded to the central bank. (Jacob et al. 2010) The Australian financial sector has had to undergo some turbulent times despite the fact that it has implemented the regulatory policies. For instance, the last decade has been described by governance deficiencies attributed to the lack of accountability by the financial advisers. This has adversely affected the banking sector which has been depicted as a weak entity among other sectors in the operationalization of the Australian government (International 2012, p. 654-666). There are more issues related to the sector and one of them is the insurance claims which have not been fulfilled. These claims are quite rampant and the situation puts the banking sector at risk of losing international repute which had been built over a long period of time. Besides, there is a claim that a major bank in the country has not taken any regulatory steps to reprimand the individuals who were involved in a series of events that border on the money laundering misconduct in the banking sector. (Jang et a l. 2012) Having examined the rich history of the Australian regulation of banks, it is prudent to build upon the history by examining the current status of the banks and the processes of regulation forthwith. The process of bank regulation in modern day Australia is described by the systems of governance and the structures that have been instituted to supervise all the banks (Mohamed et al. 2012). This arrangement is fulfilled through parliamentary legislations, issuance of licenses, creating liquidity rules and establishment of requirements for foreign investors. To strengthen this process, the stakeholders must incorporate the services of the international organizations which also act as the regulatory agencies. (McElroy et al. 2009) In terms of legislation, the parliament of Australia often creates laws that govern the banking sector. The parliament derives the laws from previous legislations by amending the acts and statutes which were formed in the past. Some of the acts include the Banking Act of 1959, Reserve Bank Act of 1959 and the 2001 Corporations Act that is the latest to be reviewed in the parliament. Apart from the acts of parliament, there are other regulatory bodies. The first one is the Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) (Fleming 2014, p. 87-90). This is a body that was also created by an act of parliament and the main duty that it performs is to regulate institutions that fall under the category of deposit takers. It also extends its jurisdiction upon insurance companies that specifically offer general and life policies. Another regulatory entity is the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). This is an establishment which regulates the financial markets and it has a jurisdiction over corporations and the general conduct of how their stakeholders conduct themselves. Just like APRA, ASIC was also created through an act of parliament and the other important task executed by the latter is to protect investors from external influence (Pauly 2013, p. 54-55). The last authority is the RBA which serves as a regulatory agency that oversees all other activities of the junior banks. Therefore its duties border on policy making, stability of the entire financial system, and the systems of payment for the government and the civil service. Basically, the RBA is the bank for the government. It advises the government on the type and amounts of expenditure to be done and in times of economic depression, it lends money to the government to run its operations. The RBA determines the amount of interest that can be charged by the banks. Therefore it undertakes a general study of the state of the countrys economy so that it can curb incidents of inflation or defla tion. The mandate it has upon all other banks is what makes the RBA a very influential institution in terms of regulating the banking sector. (Carmichael et al. 2012) Another form of regulation that is being practiced in the banking sector is the idea of licensing. This is critical because the world has moved into an era where incidents of fraud are very rampant. For example, the levels of technology have advanced and many fraudsters may take advantage of the gullible public to take their money (Carmichael et al. 2014). Given that banks are deposit taking institutions, there is a tendency for unauthorized institutions to fleece clients of their money and fail to access it in the future. For this reason, the Australian government through the 1959 Banking Act has instructed the APRA to implement policies that will bar any unlawful business from taking off. (In Beccalli et al. 2015) There is a set of requirements that have been set by APRA which set certain minimums that any organization must meet before it can be admitted as a deposit taking group. The first requirement is that the entity must have adequate capital which must be approved by APRA as sufficient to make reserves for such institutions. The second requirement is the capacity with which the company can manage risks and the systems that form internal control structures. Risks border on the financial losses and the natural occurrences that result to hazards. The institution that seeks to be incorporated in the banking sector must have proper processes that comply with the prudential standards. The banking sector demands that thorough investigations are done upon the information and communications strategies of the prospective organizations so that the clients that will be served are guaranteed of adequate access to the relevant information. The institutions are also expected by APRA to adhere to the re quirements of the accounting systems. Lastly, this regulatory authority demands that the institutions exhibit thorough intentions of the audit process which would be done both internally and externally as it is required by the regulations. (Bologna et al. 2010) The banking system is a subject that should be discussed in from the perspective of the future because of the dynamics of the world today. Regulation should be an exercise that is subject to revision because the environment keeps shifting. There are new forms of trickery that are designed by the agents of doom who wish to sabotage the sector. Currently, Australia has put up adequate forms of regulation but this is bound to get outdated. The demands of the market are projected to change and systems will also shift. The nature of the banking sector corresponds to other sectors but there is a little discrepancy. Banking relies so much on technology especially in the storage of data for the clients. This is critical because the customers exist in large numbers. There is a specific need to regulate the use of technology to limit the incidents of fraud which may tamper with the data. (Islam et al. 2008) In terms of licensing, it can be recommended that the regulatory agencies include other security features on the licenses to improve the credibility of those documents. In the same perspective of fraud, the current licenses issued to the deposit taking organizations by APRA do not have sufficient security and they may be duplicated through high level technology. Apparently, the need to make a living in the market may motivate fraudsters to process fake licenses to run their businesses. The importance of secured documents is that they can be easily verified. In fact, APRA should consider using biometric data of the holders of such licenses so that finger prints can be used in case there are any doubts. Biometrics has been used in other governments and the testimonies are quite positive. The future of the Australian banking regulatory system is so bright because some of these recommendations have begun to be implemented. Advanced economies such as the United States have set benchmarks which can be adopted by Australia. (Mugasha 2013, p. 1060-1073) Another recommendation is that the regulatory agencies should put in place laws that are too stringent. The laws should be oppressive enough to frighten any criminals from engaging in the unlawful acts. Acts of fraud are said to be economic crimes whose charges are very severe in other parts of the nation. Australia can use the parliament to institute policies that will impose very high fines or long imprisonment terms. As it is now, the government of Australia has very lenient terms which encourage people to break the economic laws. (Takts et al. 2009) The capacity of institutions to function well lies in the support that they get from the governments of their countries. The support ranges from both material and moral gestures. For instance, the regulatory establishments such as APRA and ASIC should be facilitated with finances from the government just to make sure that they are working to achieve their goals. This support should not be seen as a favor; rather, it should be taken as an obligation by the government. The future of the Australian banking sector can be vibrant if they consider funding their institutions abundantly. This is the secret that has been adopted by the large economies of the world such as China and the United States. Moral support borders on the capacity of the government to motivate the staff within these bodies. This could be done by better remuneration and assuring them of the security of tenure. This step is critical in boosting their morale so that they work with passion. In the past, Australia has been quick to execute sacking orders which really affected the regulatory agencies. Motivation may also be done by giving leaves to the workers so that they get time to spend with their families and attend to other personal lifestyles. (Norton 2014, p. 56-60) The last recommendation would be for Australia as a government to enhance inter-organizational visits so that various institutions arrange forums for discussion and interaction. The importance of such engagements is for the institutions to share knowledge and exchange ideas on how to improve the regulatory structure. This will overturn the current notion whereby each body works independently. If such forums are held, the Australian institutions will have a large bank of knowledge and they may not necessarily refer to outside countries for help. This is a country that is endowed with professionals from all manner of fields. If the technicians from the IT field share knowledge with bankers, a lot of knowledge would be created. This is an example to indicate that the process is viable. (Head et al. 2015) References Bologna, P., International Monetary Fund. (2010). Australian banking system resilience: What should be expected looking forward? : an international perspective. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. 24(78), 377399. Carmichael, J., Fleming, A., World Bank Institute (Washington, D.C.). (2014). Aligning financial supervisory structures with country needs. Washington, D.C: World Bank Institute. 12(7), 60-65 Carmichael, J., Pomerleano, M., World Bank. (2012). The development and regulation of non-bank financial institutions. Washington, D.C: World Bank. 40(34), 17 Ferran, E., Moloney, N., Coffee, J. C., Hill, J. G., Tafara, E., Cambridge University Press. (2015). The regulatory aftermath of the global financial crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 67(43), 89-93 Fleming, L. (2014). Excel HSC business studies. Glebe, N.S.W: Pascal Press. 32(9), 87-90 Head, B., McCoy, E., Griffith University. (2015). Deregulation or better regulation?. South Melbourne: Macmillan. 10(6), 351378. In Beccalli, E., In Poli, F. (2015). Bank Risk, Governance and Regulation. 23(8), 540559) International, M. F. (2012). Australia: 2012 article iv consultation. Place of publication not identified: International Monetary Fund. 5(6), 654-666 Islam, S. M. N., White, P. (2008). Formulation of appropriate laws: A new integrated multidisciplinary approach and an application to electronic funds transfer regulation. Berlin: Springer. 46(12), 263279 Jacob, S., Decker, D. M., Hartshorne, T. S. (2010). OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: Australia 2010: Towards a Seamless National Economy. Paris: OECD Publishing. 36(6), 205217 Jang, B., Sheridan, N. (2012). Bank Capital Adequacy in Australia (PDF Download). Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund. 43(54), 67-71 Jarvis, D. S. L. (2013). International business risk: A handbook for the Asia-Pacific region. Cambridge [u.a.: Cambridge Univ. Press. 12(54), 456-467 McElroy, M., Engelen, J. (2009). Business Law Handbook: International Business Publications. 34(67), 78-89 Milbourne, R., Cumberworth, M., University of New South Wales. (2010). Australian banking performance in an era of de-regulation: An untold story?. Kensington, N.S.W: Centre for Applied Economic Research, University of New South Wales. 96(7), 56-60 Mohamed, A., Farrar, J. H., Khalid, A. M. (2012). Regulatory failure and the global financial crisis: An Australian perspective. Cheltenham, Glos, UK l: Edward Elgar. 45(6), 165-173 Mugasha, A. (2013). The law of letters of credit and bank guarantees. Sydney: Federation Press. 57(43), 1060 1073 Norton, J. J. (2014). International banking regulation and supervision: Change and transformation in the 1990s. London [u.a.: Graham Trotman. 45(9), 56-60 Pauly, L. W. (2013). Opening financial markets: Banking politics on the Pacific Rim. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 13(34), 54-55 Russo, C. J. (2016). Australia: Financial system stability assessment, including reports on the observance of standards and codes on the following topics : banking supervision, insurance regulation, securities regulation, and payment systems. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund. 73(11), 235260 Takts, E., Tumbarello, P. (2009). Australian Bank and Corporate Sector Vulnerabilities--An International Perspective. Washington: International Monetary Fund. 32(9), 87-90